Additive effect of convergent electron flow

Electron flow converges at the Q-junction from respiratory Complexes I and II (CI+II e-input), glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and electron-transferring flavoprotein. Convergent electron flow corresponds to the operation of the TCA cycle and mitochondrial substrate supply in vivo. Due to the additive effect of convergent CI+II electron flow on respiratory flux, respiration is increased up to 2-fold relative to flux supported only by Complex I substrates.