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{{Publication
|title=Gnaiger E (2021) The elementary unit — canonical reviewer's comments on: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2019) The International System of Units (SI) 9th ed. MitoFit Preprints 2020.04.v2. https://doi.org/10.26124/mitofit:200004.v2
|info=MitoFit Preprints 2020.04.v2. [[File:MitoFit Preprints pdf.png|left|160px|link=https://www.mitofit.org/images/4/4a/Gnaiger_MitoFit_Preprint_Arch_2020.4_doi_10.26214mitofit.200004.pdf |MitoFit pdf]] '''[https://www.mitofit.org/images/4/4a/Gnaiger_MitoFit_Preprint_Arch_2020.4_doi_10.26214mitofit.200004.pdf The elementary unit — canonical reviewer's comments on: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2019) The International System of Units (SI) 9th ed.]'''
|authors=Gnaiger Erich
|year=2021
|journal=MitoFit Prep
|abstract=
::: <small>Version 2 ('''v2''') '''2021-09-06''' [https://www.mitofit.org/images/4/4a/Gnaiger_MitoFit_Preprint_Arch_2020.4_doi_10.26214mitofit.200004.pdf doi:10.26124/mitofit:200004.v2]</small>
::: <small>Version 1 ('''v1''') 2020-08-11 [https://wiki.oroboros.at/images/archive/4/4a/20210906072525%21Gnaiger_MitoFit_Preprint_Arch_2020.4_doi_10.26214mitofit.200004.pdf doi:10.26124/mitofit:200004] — [https://www.mitofit.org/index.php/File:Gnaiger_MitoFit_Preprint_Arch_2020.4_doi_10.26214mitofit.200004.pdf »Link to all versions«]</small>

“The International System of Units, the SI, has been used around the world as the preferred system of units, the basic language for science, technology, industry and trade since it was established in 1960.” This statement heralds the 9th edition of the SI released on 2019-May-20. An new approach was introduced by defining the SI base units ― and thus the abstract SI units in general ― by their relation to fixed numerical values of fundamental constants of nature. Previous definitions of abstract units relied on a reference to concrete individual things realized as material artefacts, such as the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK). The (general) abstract unit ‘kilogram’ had to be calibrated in balance against an (individual) ‘entetic’ unit defining “1 kg” as a reference for the unit of mass and the mole [mol] as the unit of amount. Now the SI defines the mole as the fixed number of entities given by the Avogadro constant ''N''<sub>A</sub>. The elementary charge ''e'' is a fixed number of charges per proton. Amount and charge are thus in a fixed relation to the count of elementary entities ''U''<sub>''X''</sub> [x]. Count, amount, and charge are isomorphic elementary quantities. Amount and charge are linked to the count ''N''<sub>''X''</sub> = ''N''∙''U''<sub>''X''</sub> with elementary unit x by fixed conversion constants ''N''<sub>A</sub><sup>-1</sup> [mol∙x<sup>−1</sup>] and ''e'' [C∙x<sup>−1</sup>], respectively. The SI does not use the elementary unit x. This causes a number of formal inconsistencies as discussed in the present communication on Euclid’s unit, which is ''U''<sub>''X''</sub>, and Euclid’s number, which is a count ''N''<sub>''X''</sub>.
|editor=[[Gnaiger Erich]]
|mipnetlab=AT Innsbruck Gnaiger E
}}
ORC'''ID''': [[File:ORCID.png|20px|link=https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-5895]] Gnaiger Erich
[[File:Elementary-entity.png|right|500px|link=X-mass Carol#Anastrophe_XX:_Entity_X_and_elementary_unit_x]]
__TOC__
 in: Anastrophe ''XX'' [[X-mass Carol#Anastrophe_XX:_Entity_X_and_elementary_unit_x |'''Entity ''X'' and elementary unit x''']] of '''A ''X''-mass Carol'''

== Keywords—[[MitoPedia]] ==
:::: • [[Amount of substance |Amount]] • [[Avogadro constant]] • [[Concentration]] • [[Count |Cell count]] • [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, IUPAC | IUPAC]] • [[Density]] • [[Dimension]] • [[Elementary charge]] • [[Elementary entity]] • [[International System of Units]] • [[Body mass | Mass]] • [[Number]] • [[Numeral]] • [[Unit]] • [[Volume]] • [[Quantity]]

{{Template:Base quantities and count}}

[[File:Gnaiger 2020 MitoFit SI-canonical.jpg|left|66px|link=https://www.mitofit.org/index.php/Gnaiger_MitoFit_Preprint_Arch_2020.4 |Gnaiger MitoFit Preprint Arch 2020.4]]
= References =
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{{Keywords: SI base units}}

== Preprints for [[Gentle Science]] ==
{{MitoFit preprint}}

== Cited by ==
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{{Template:Cited by Gnaiger 2021 MitoFit BCA}}
{{Template:Cited by Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways}}

{{Labeling
|additional=Amount of substance, Avogadro constant, Concentration, Count, Density, Dimension, Elementary charge, Elementary entity, Entity, International System of Units, Mass, Number, Numeral, Unit, Volume, Quantity, BEC 2020.2, MitoFit 2021 BCA, Gnaiger_2024_MitoFit
}}