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MiPNet27.06 Prague BEC tutorial-Living Communications pmF

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Revision as of 13:20, 14 August 2022 by Gnaiger Erich (talk | contribs)


Bioenergetics Communications        
Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways
       
Gnaiger Erich et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1.
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Prague CZ, 2022 Sep 22. BEC tutorial-Living Communications: pmF — pre EMC2022 Prague CZ.


MiPsociety (2022-09-22) Mitochondr Physiol Network

Abstract: BEC tutorial-Living Communications. Mitochondrial membrane potential and Peter Mitchell’s protonmotive force: elements of the science of bioenergetics. Preceding the EMC 2022 49th European Muscle Conference, Prague, Czech Republic.

Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways

The mitochondrial membrane potential is an element of the science of bioenergetics, linked to the control of respiratory flux and related mitochondrial functions. A PubMed search on ‘mitochondrial membrane potential’ yields nearly 40 000 results and 3442 for 2021 (search 2022-07-04), with a linear increase during the past 20 years. Chapter 8 on ‘Protonmotive pressure and respiratory control’ of Mitochondrial Pathways (Gnaiger 2020) introduces a novel perspective on Peter Mitchell’s protonmotive force, which incorporates the mitochondrial membrane potential. If you find the reading is tough, you are not alone. Join this BEC tutorial-Living Communications for an introduction into the relevant concepts of physical chemistry, which differ from misleading chapters in bioenergetics textbooks on potential gradients, Gibbs energy, protonmotive flow and force, and finally protonmotive pressure. This will introduce students (and teachers) to a new understanding of mitochondrial membrane potential and the protonmotive force, connecting the ideal gas equation, osmotic pressure, the Boltzmann constant and gas constant with Fick’s and Einstein’s diffusion equation. If theory gets tough, join for a follow-up retreat with a swim in lake Körbersee.


O2k-Network Lab: AT_Innsbruck_Oroboros, CZ Prague Houstek J

Figure 8.9. Vector flux and velocity: stationary state of diffusion in a linear concentration gradient.
Last update: 2022-08-14
MiPsociety
Dr. Zdenek Drahota received from his team in Prague an Oroboros cake at his 80th birthday

This MiPevent is dedicated to Dr. Zdenek Drahota — one of the greatest mitochondrial physiologists of the Czech Republic — at his 90th birthday:

In collaboration with the Mitochondrial Physiology Society - see MiP2017


Venue and local organizers

Laboratory of Bioenergetics
Institute of Physiology CAS
Videnska 1083
142 20 Prague 4
Czech Republic
Figure 1.1. Coupling in oxidative phosphorylation is mediated by the protonmotive force pmF.


Program

Thursday, Sep 22
Time Section Contents
10:00-11:30 Introduction Protonmotive force pmF = ΔmFH+
  1. Mitchell's theorems on four integrated coupling modules
  2. Is the protonmotive force — units [mV] or [kJ/mol] — a force?
  3. Is the 'Gibbs energy' [kJ/mol] a force?
  4. Why did Peter Mitchell use the symbol Δp?
11:30-12:00 Coffee/tea Chat
12:00-13:00 Extension Four protonmotive theorems on protonmotive pressure ΔmΠH+
  1. Diffusion gradients
  2. Compartments: diffusion and osmotic pressure
  3. Hydrogen ions and counterions
  4. Matrix volume fraction and flux-pressure linearity


pmF: a unifying theory of biology - from metabolism to physical chemistry

  • Peter Mitchell's concept of the protonmotive force pmF is one of the grand unifying theories of biology, on par with Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, Gregor Mendel's rules of inheritance and classical genetics, and the structure of DNA resolved by Francis Crick, James Watson, and Rosalind Franklin. The pmF combines the disciplines of biochemistry (metabolism), cell biology (cellular ultrastructure), physiology (energy transformation), thermodynamics (chemical potential, Gibbs energy), and physical chemistry (diffusion, electrochemistry).
  • This BEC tutorial links different disciplines and describes different processes (transformations) by the same principles and relations of isomorphic quantities:
  1. metabolic reactions and translocation (scalar and vectorial)
  2. diffusion (from Fick's law to Einstein's diffusion equation)
  3. electrochemical potentials (compartmental differences versus gradients) and motive forces (of physics and thermodynamics - from the Boltzmann constant and gas constant to the electromotive constant)
  4. osmotic pressure (from the gas law to protonmotive pressure)
  • Remember ZEN, zeNA — Section 8.2.8 - 2
RM Pirsig (1974) Zen and the art of motorcycle maintenance. An inquiry into values. William Morrow & Company:418 pp.
Thermodynamics (motorcycle maintenance) may be dull and tedious drudgery (without curiosity beyond “) or a valuable and exciting art (if you seek for “=” ZEN). Transformation of dumb, dry and frigid equations into eloquent formulae radiating meaning and sparkling knowledge depends on motivation, skill and persistence (zeNA).
» Compare numerical equivalence (symbol ≡) and physicochemical equality (symbol =).

Why?

Consider some fundamental quantities

Figure 8.5. Gibbs energy as a function of advancement of transformation in a closed isothermal system at constant pressure.
  • Among the key isomorphic quantities are:
  1. advancement and stoichiometry as the determinants of transformation flows
  2. motive entity - this is what flows
  3. motive units for count, amount, and charge
  4. chemical and electric partial forces of the pmF
  • Important distinctions:
  1. systems: closed, compartmental, open
  2. transformations: vectoral (along continuous gradients), vectorial (across discontinuous boundaries between compartments), scalar (within systems, without spatial direction)
  3. Gibbs energy (exergy), chemical potential, and metabolic force (Gibbs force)
  4. potential gradients versus potential differences
  5. protons p+ and hydrogen ions H+
  6. (chemiosmotic) pressure versus (protonmotive) force


Questions.jpg


Click to expand or collaps
Bioblast links: Force and membrane potential - >>>>>>> - Click on [Expand] or [Collapse] - >>>>>>>
Fundamental relationships
» Force
» Affinity
» Flux
» Advancement
» Advancement per volume
» Stoichiometric number
mt-Membrane potential and protonmotive force
» Protonmotive force
» Mitochondrial membrane potential
» Chemical potential
» Faraday constant
» Format
» Uncoupler
O2k-Potentiometry
» O2k-Catalogue: O2k-TPP+ ISE-Module
» O2k-Manual: MiPNet15.03 O2k-MultiSensor-ISE
» TPP - O2k-Procedures: Tetraphenylphosphonium
» Specifications: MiPNet15.08 TPP electrode
» Poster
» Unspecific binding of TPP+
» TPP+ inhibitory effect
O2k-Fluorometry
» O2k-Catalogue: O2k-FluoRespirometer
» O2k-Manual: MiPNet22.11 O2k-FluoRespirometer manual
» Safranin - O2k-Procedures: MiPNet20.13 Safranin mt-membranepotential / Safranin
» TMRM - O2k-Procedures: TMRM
O2k-Publications
» O2k-Publications: mt-Membrane potential
» O2k-Publications: Coupling efficiency;uncoupling


Gibberish

  • Forget all gibberish that you have learned — if not forgotten already — on textbook thermodynamics. If you are surprised by this suggestion, take a look at specific examples from
» a fundamental textbook on physical chemistry
» bioenergetics.

Force or pressure? - The linear flux-pressure law

Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways
"For many decades the pressure-force confusion has blinded the most brilliant minds, reinforcing the expectation that Ohm’s linear flux-force law should apply to the hydrogen ion circuit and protonmotive force. .. Physicochemical principles explain the highly non-linear flux-force relation in the dependence of LEAK respiration on the pmF. The explanation is based on an extension of Fick’s law of diffusion and Einstein’s diffusion equation, representing protonmotive pressure ― isomorphic with mechanical pressure, hydrodynamic pressure, gas pressure, and osmotic pressure ― which collectively follow the generalized linear flux-pressure law."
Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. Bioenerg Commun 2020.2. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0002
» pressure = force × free activity

Lecturer and participants

Participants

in preparation


Registration and general information

in preparation
  • Informal, no registration fee - send Email to: [email protected]
  • Limited number of participants
  • Provide your name and affiliation (if you wish for the website)
  • Provide a foto (if you wish for the website)

COVID-19

The event will be held in accordance with current COVID regulations. A primary concern must be the safety of our participants and staff, which is why we reserve the right to cancel the event if there are any concerns/restrictions.


Recommended reading

Hydrogen ion circuit and coupling in OXPHOS
Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways
  1. Mitchell P (1966) Chemiosmotic coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.09.018
  2. Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0002 - Chapter 8
  3. Gnaiger E (2021) The elementary unit — canonical reviewer's comments on: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2019) The International System of Units (SI) 9th ed. https://doi.org/10.26124/mitofit:200004.v2
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