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Difference between revisions of "Respiratory state"

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{{MitoPedia
{{MitoPedia
|description=[[List:_Respiratory_states|'''Respiratory states''']] of mitochondrial preparations and intact cells are defined in many ways and with a diversity of terms. Clarification of the underlying concepts is necessary in each case, as long as ambiguous definitions are not removed and general terms are not used with definitions that are commonly accepted.
|description='''Respiratory states''' of [[mitochondrial preparations]] and [[living cells]] are defined in the current literature in many ways and with a diversity of terms. Mitochondrial respiratory states must be defined in terms of both, the [[coupling-control state]] and the [[electron-transfer-pathway state]].
|info=[[MiPNet12.15_RespiratoryStates]];Β  [[List:_Respiratory_states|List of respiratory states]]
|info=[[Gnaiger 2020 MitoPathways]]
}}
}}
{{Labeling
Communicated by [[Gnaiger E]] 2010-10-21, edited 2016-08-26. Edited by [[Doerrier Carolina|Doerrier C]] 2020-04-23.
|discipline=Mitochondrial Physiology
[[Image:P.jpg|right|link=OXPHOS capacity|OXPHOS]] [[Image:R.jpg|right|link=ROUTINE respiration|ROUTINE]] [[Image:E.jpg|right|link=ET capacity|ETS]] [[Image:L.jpg|right|link=LEAK respiration|LEAK]] [[Image:ROX.jpg|right|link=Residual oxygen consumption|ROX]]
|preparations=Intact Cell; Cultured; Primary, Isolated Mitochondria, Permeabilized Cell or Tissue; Homogenate
== Coupling control states ==
|topics=Respiratory state, Respiration; OXPHOS; ETS Capacity, Coupling; Membrane Potential, Redox State
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|instruments=Theory
::: Coupling control states and ''[[CCR]]'' of mitochondrial preparations:
}}
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==Generalized coupling control states==
::::* [[OXPHOS]], [[LEAK respiration]], [[Electron transfer pathway|ET-pathway]] (''P, L, E'') - corrected for [[ROX]]. ''CCR'': ''[[L/E]]'', ''[[P/E]]'', ''[[L/P]]''
*[[LEAK]], [[OXPHOS]], [[ETS]] - corrected for [[ROX]].
Β 
::: Coupling control states of living cells:
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::::* [[ROUTINE]], [[LEAK respiration]], [[Electron transfer pathway|ET-pathway]] (''R, L, E'') - corrected for [[ROX]]. ''CCR'': ''[[L/E]]'', ''[[R/E]]'', ''[[L/R]]''
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== Electron-transfer-pathway state ==
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:::: Electron-transfer-pathway state, are defined by substrate type (at saturating concentration):
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::::* Living cells: endogenous, exogenous substrate control
::::* Mitochondrial preparations: specific substrate-inhibitor combinations for selectively stimulating electron entry through Complex I ([[NADH pathway]]), CII ([[succinate pathway]]), or other branches converging at the [[Q-junction]], particularly with [[fatty acid oxidation]] ([[fatty acid oxidation pathway control state]]), alpha-[[glycerophosphate]], or substrate combinations applied for reconstitution of [[TCA cycle]] function (e.g. [[NS-pathway control state]], etc.).
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::: Control by substrate concentration: '''Kinetic control states''':
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::::* Kinetic substrate or adenylate control: Kinetic studies with variation of a specific substrate (reduced substrate supplying electrons to the ETS; ADP, Pi; O<sub>2</sub>; cytochrome ''c'') are analyzed by kinetic functions (e.g. hyperbolic), yielding apparent kinetic constants, such as ''J''<sub>max</sub>, ''K''<sub>m</sub>', ''c''<sub>50</sub>, or ''p''<sub>50</sub>.
::::* Kinetic inhibitor control: Kinetic studies with variation of a specific inhibitor yield apparent kinetic constants, such as the ''K''<sub>I</sub>'.
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== Classical respiratory states ==
Β 
::: Chance and Williams (1955):
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::::* [[State 1]], [[State 2]], [[State 3]], [[State 4]], [[State 5]]. ''CCR'': [[RCR]]
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::: Derived respiratory states:
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::::* [[State 3u]], [[State 4o]]. ''CCR'': [[UCR]]
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::: Thermodynamics of irreversible processes:


===Coupling states of intact cells===
::::* [[Static head]], [[Level flow]]
*[[ROUTINE]], [[LEAK]], [[ETS]] - corrected for [[ROX]].


==Substrate control states==
*Intact cells: [[endogenous]], [[exogenous]] substrate control
*Mitochondrial preparations: specific substrate-inhibitor combinations for selectively stimulating electron entry though Complex I, CII, or other branches converging at the Q-junction, particularly with [[fatty acid]]s and alpha-[[glycerophosphate]] ([[CI respiration]], [[CII respiration]], etc.), or substrate combinations applied for reconstitution of [[TCA cycle]] function ([[CI+II respiration]], etc.).


===Kinetic control states===
== MitoPedia: Respiratory states ==
*Kinetic substrate or adenylate control: Kinetic studies with variation of a specific substrate (reduced substrate supplying electrons to the ETS; ADP, Pi; O<sub>2</sub>; cytochrome c) are analyzed by kinetic functions (e.g. hyperbolic), yielding apparent kinetic constants, such as the ''K''<sub>m</sub>', ''c''<sub>50</sub>, or ''p''<sub>50</sub>.
*Kinetic inhibitor control: Kinetic studies with variation of a specific inhibitor yield apparent kinetic constants, such as the ''K''<sub>I</sub>'.


==Classical respiratory states of isolated mitochondria (Chance and Williams 1955)==
::::Β» See the complete '''[[MitoPedia: Respiratory states]]'''
*[[State 1]], [[State 2]], [[State 3]], [[State 4]], [[State 5]]
::::Β» [[MitoPedia: SUIT]]


===Derived respiratory states===
{{MitoPedia concepts
*[[State 3u]], [[State 4o]]
|mitopedia concept=MiP concept, Respiratory state, SUIT concept, Recommended
}}
{{MitoPedia methods
|mitopedia method=Respirometry, Spectrophotometry
}}
{{MitoPedia topics
|mitopedia topic=EAGLE
}}

Latest revision as of 14:50, 15 August 2021


high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution


Respiratory state

Description

Respiratory states of mitochondrial preparations and living cells are defined in the current literature in many ways and with a diversity of terms. Mitochondrial respiratory states must be defined in terms of both, the coupling-control state and the electron-transfer-pathway state.


Reference: Gnaiger 2020 MitoPathways

Communicated by Gnaiger E 2010-10-21, edited 2016-08-26. Edited by Doerrier C 2020-04-23.
OXPHOS
ROUTINE
ETS
LEAK
ROX

Coupling control states

Coupling control states and CCR of mitochondrial preparations:
Coupling control states of living cells:

Electron-transfer-pathway state

Electron-transfer-pathway state, are defined by substrate type (at saturating concentration):
Control by substrate concentration: Kinetic control states:
  • Kinetic substrate or adenylate control: Kinetic studies with variation of a specific substrate (reduced substrate supplying electrons to the ETS; ADP, Pi; O2; cytochrome c) are analyzed by kinetic functions (e.g. hyperbolic), yielding apparent kinetic constants, such as Jmax, Km', c50, or p50.
  • Kinetic inhibitor control: Kinetic studies with variation of a specific inhibitor yield apparent kinetic constants, such as the KI'.

Classical respiratory states

Chance and Williams (1955):
Derived respiratory states:
Thermodynamics of irreversible processes:


MitoPedia: Respiratory states

Β» See the complete MitoPedia: Respiratory states
Β» MitoPedia: SUIT


MitoPedia concepts: MiP concept, Respiratory state, SUIT concept, Recommended 


MitoPedia methods: Respirometry, Spectrophotometry 


MitoPedia topics: EAGLE