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Difference between revisions of "Respiratory state"

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{{MitoPedia
{{MitoPedia
|description='''Respiratory states''' of mitochondrial preparations and intact cells are defined in the current literature in many ways and with a diversity of terms. The Bioblast Wiki aims at providing detailed explanations of terms, improving definitions, and clarification of underlying concepts.
|description='''Respiratory states''' of [[mitochondrial preparations]] and [[living cells]] are defined in the current literature in many ways and with a diversity of terms. Mitochondrial respiratory states must be defined in terms of both, the [[coupling-control state]] and the [[electron-transfer-pathway state]].
|info=[[MiPNet12.15_RespiratoryStates]];Β  [[List of respiratory states]]
|info=[[Gnaiger 2020 MitoPathways]]
}}
}}
{{Labeling
Communicated by [[Gnaiger E]] 2010-10-21, edited 2016-08-26. Edited by [[Doerrier Carolina|Doerrier C]] 2020-04-23.
|discipline=Mitochondrial Physiology
[[Image:P.jpg|right|link=OXPHOS capacity|OXPHOS]] [[Image:R.jpg|right|link=ROUTINE respiration|ROUTINE]] [[Image:E.jpg|right|link=ET capacity|ETS]] [[Image:L.jpg|right|link=LEAK respiration|LEAK]] [[Image:ROX.jpg|right|link=Residual oxygen consumption|ROX]]
|preparations=Intact Cell; Cultured; Primary, Isolated Mitochondria, Permeabilized Cell or Tissue; Homogenate
== Coupling control states ==
|topics=Respiratory state, Respiration; OXPHOS; ETS Capacity, Coupling; Membrane Potential, Redox State
Β 
|instruments=Theory
::: Coupling control states and ''[[CCR]]'' of mitochondrial preparations:
}}
Β 
==Coupling control states==
::::* [[OXPHOS]], [[LEAK respiration]], [[Electron transfer pathway|ET-pathway]] (''P, L, E'') - corrected for [[ROX]]. ''CCR'': ''[[L/E]]'', ''[[P/E]]'', ''[[L/P]]''


Coupling states and ''[[CCR]]'' of mitochondrial preparations:
::: Coupling control states of living cells:


*[[OXPHOS]], [[LEAK]], [[ETS]] (''P, L, E'') - corrected for [[ROX]]. ''CCR'': ''[[L/E]]'', ''[[P/E]]'', ''[[L/P]]''
::::* [[ROUTINE]], [[LEAK respiration]], [[Electron transfer pathway|ET-pathway]] (''R, L, E'') - corrected for [[ROX]]. ''CCR'': ''[[L/E]]'', ''[[R/E]]'', ''[[L/R]]''


Coupling states of intact cells:
== Electron-transfer-pathway state ==


*[[ROUTINE]], [[LEAK]], [[ETS]] (''R, L, E'') - corrected for [[ROX]]. ''CCR'': ''[[L/E]]'', ''[[R/E]]'', ''[[L/R]]''
:::: Electron-transfer-pathway state, are defined by substrate type (at saturating concentration):


==Substrate control states==
::::* Living cells: endogenous, exogenous substrate control
::::* Mitochondrial preparations: specific substrate-inhibitor combinations for selectively stimulating electron entry through Complex I ([[NADH pathway]]), CII ([[succinate pathway]]), or other branches converging at the [[Q-junction]], particularly with [[fatty acid oxidation]] ([[fatty acid oxidation pathway control state]]), alpha-[[glycerophosphate]], or substrate combinations applied for reconstitution of [[TCA cycle]] function (e.g. [[NS-pathway control state]], etc.).


Control by substrate type: Pathway control states:
::: Control by substrate concentration: '''Kinetic control states''':


*Intact cells: [[endogenous]], [[exogenous]] substrate control
::::* Kinetic substrate or adenylate control: Kinetic studies with variation of a specific substrate (reduced substrate supplying electrons to the ETS; ADP, Pi; O<sub>2</sub>; cytochrome ''c'') are analyzed by kinetic functions (e.g. hyperbolic), yielding apparent kinetic constants, such as ''J''<sub>max</sub>, ''K''<sub>m</sub>', ''c''<sub>50</sub>, or ''p''<sub>50</sub>.
*Mitochondrial preparations: specific substrate-inhibitor combinations for selectively stimulating electron entry though Complex I, CII, or other branches converging at the Q-junction, particularly with [[fatty acid]]s and alpha-[[glycerophosphate]] ([[CI respiration]], [[CII respiration]], etc.), or substrate combinations applied for reconstitution of [[TCA cycle]] function ([[CI+II respiration]], etc.).
::::* Kinetic inhibitor control: Kinetic studies with variation of a specific inhibitor yield apparent kinetic constants, such as the ''K''<sub>I</sub>'.


Control by substrate concentration: Kinetic control states:
== Classical respiratory states ==


*Kinetic substrate or adenylate control: Kinetic studies with variation of a specific substrate (reduced substrate supplying electrons to the ETS; ADP, Pi; O<sub>2</sub>; cytochrome ''c'') are analyzed by kinetic functions (e.g. hyperbolic), yielding apparent kinetic constants, such as ''J''<sub>max</sub>, ''K''<sub>m</sub>', ''c''<sub>50</sub>, or ''p''<sub>50</sub>.
::: Chance and Williams (1955):
*Kinetic inhibitor control: Kinetic studies with variation of a specific inhibitor yield apparent kinetic constants, such as the ''K''<sub>I</sub>'.


==Classical respiratory states==
::::* [[State 1]], [[State 2]], [[State 3]], [[State 4]], [[State 5]]. ''CCR'': [[RCR]]


Chance and Williams (1955):
::: Derived respiratory states:


*[[State 1]], [[State 2]], [[State 3]], [[State 4]], [[State 5]]. ''CCR'': [[RCR]]
::::* [[State 3u]], [[State 4o]]. ''CCR'': [[UCR]]


Derived respiratory states:
::: Thermodynamics of irreversible processes:


*[[State 3u]], [[State 4o]]. ''CCR'': [[UCR]]
::::* [[Static head]], [[Level flow]]


Thermodynamics of irreversible processes:


*[[Static head]], [[Level flow]]
== MitoPedia: Respiratory states ==


==List of respiratory states==
::::Β» See the complete '''[[MitoPedia: Respiratory states]]'''
::::Β» [[MitoPedia: SUIT]]


* See the complete '''[[List of respiratory states]]'''.
{{MitoPedia concepts
|mitopedia concept=MiP concept, Respiratory state, SUIT concept, Recommended
}}
{{MitoPedia methods
|mitopedia method=Respirometry, Spectrophotometry
}}
{{MitoPedia topics
|mitopedia topic=EAGLE
}}

Latest revision as of 14:50, 15 August 2021


high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution


Respiratory state

Description

Respiratory states of mitochondrial preparations and living cells are defined in the current literature in many ways and with a diversity of terms. Mitochondrial respiratory states must be defined in terms of both, the coupling-control state and the electron-transfer-pathway state.


Reference: Gnaiger 2020 MitoPathways

Communicated by Gnaiger E 2010-10-21, edited 2016-08-26. Edited by Doerrier C 2020-04-23.
OXPHOS
ROUTINE
ETS
LEAK
ROX

Coupling control states

Coupling control states and CCR of mitochondrial preparations:
Coupling control states of living cells:

Electron-transfer-pathway state

Electron-transfer-pathway state, are defined by substrate type (at saturating concentration):
Control by substrate concentration: Kinetic control states:
  • Kinetic substrate or adenylate control: Kinetic studies with variation of a specific substrate (reduced substrate supplying electrons to the ETS; ADP, Pi; O2; cytochrome c) are analyzed by kinetic functions (e.g. hyperbolic), yielding apparent kinetic constants, such as Jmax, Km', c50, or p50.
  • Kinetic inhibitor control: Kinetic studies with variation of a specific inhibitor yield apparent kinetic constants, such as the KI'.

Classical respiratory states

Chance and Williams (1955):
Derived respiratory states:
Thermodynamics of irreversible processes:


MitoPedia: Respiratory states

Β» See the complete MitoPedia: Respiratory states
Β» MitoPedia: SUIT


MitoPedia concepts: MiP concept, Respiratory state, SUIT concept, Recommended 


MitoPedia methods: Respirometry, Spectrophotometry 


MitoPedia topics: EAGLE