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...ding outside of the inner mt-membrane or on the outer side of the inner mt-membrane, in contrast to internal unspecific binding. |info=[[Mitochondrial membrane potential]]

...required to evaluate the necessary limit of detection of TPP⁺, and for restriction of experimental TPP⁺ concentrations below the in {{Keywords: Force and membrane potential}}

...847]]) which cycles across the inner mt-membrane with transport of protons and dissipation of the electrochemical proton gradient. Mild uncoupling may be {{Keywords: Uncoupling}}

...ometric ion-selective electrodes for measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential ...//www.oroboros.at/index.php/product/o2k-tpp-ise-module/ '''Product details and purchase information''']

...Publications]] [[Instrument and method::Oxygraph-2k]] [[Topic::mt-Membrane potential]] |?Mammal and model=Organism

|title=MitoEAGLE preprint 2018-02-18(21) The protonmotive force and respiratory control. ...owing a primary peer-reviewed publication of the concept of stoichiometric potential differences.

...Yildiz Ö, Kühlbrandt W (2017) Structural basis of proton translocation and force generation in mitochondrial ATP synthase. Elife e33274. doi: 10.7554/eLife. ...e steep potential gradient over the sub-nm inter-channel distance exerts a force on the deprotonated glutamate, resulting in net directional rotation.

...u>''e''</u>p⁺</sub>, is the electric part of the protonmotive [[force]], Δp = Δ_m''F''_{<u>''e''</u>H⁺}. ...gy change per ‘motive’ charge or per charge moved across the transmembrane potential difference, with the number of ‘motive’ charges expressed in the unit c

...e=Komlódi T, Tretter L (2022) The protonmotive force – not merely membrane potential. https://doi.org/10.26124/mitofit:2022-0012 — ''2022-11-29 published in [ ...di_2022_MitoFit_Preprints.pdf The protonmotive force - not merely membrane potential] [[File:WatchThePresentationYoutube_icon.jpg|200px|link=https://www.youtube

...e=Komlódi T, Tretter L (2022) The protonmotive force – not merely membrane potential. Bioenerg Commun 2022.16. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2022-0016 ...eactive oxygen species production. Measurement of both Δ''Ψ''_mt and ΔpH allows for calculation of ''pmF''. Methods for monitoring Δ''Ψ''<sub

...i Timea</u>, Tretter L (2022) The protonmotive force – not merely membrane potential. '''Bioblast 2022: BEC Inaugural Conference.''' In: https://doi.org/10.2612 ...ve oxygen species production. Separate measurement of Δ''Ψ''_mt and ΔpH allows for calculation of ''pmF''. Methods for monitoring Δ''Ψ''<sub

|title=Ghelli A, Benelli B, Esposti MD (1997) Measurement of the membrane potential generated by Complex I in submitochondrial particles. J Biochem 121: 746-55 ...complex reducing endogenous ubiquinone (i.e. non-steady-state conditions) and are equivalent to a charge separation similar to that of the antimycin-sens

...the other respiratory chain complexes at different values of protonmotive force occurs by a threshold mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta 1807: 1114-1124. ...e-mediated threshold-controlled dynamic equilibrium between supercomplexed and isolated states.

...difficult to impossible. Consequently, knowledge of mitochondrial membrane potential is essential to the application of potentiometric fluorophores for the meas ...hydroethidine, dihydroethidium, triphenylphosphonium, superoxide, membrane potential, ROS, Seahorse, respiration, uncoupling

...'ν''_A=-1/6 in the reaction 0 = -1/6 A - 1 B + 1 C (-1/6 glucose and -1 O₂ converted to +1 H₂CO₃). {{Keywords: Force and membrane potential}}

...969) Estimation of membrane potential and pH difference across the cristae membrane of rat liver mitochondria. Eur J Biochem 7:471-84. ...and the change of these values in the transition from State 5 to States 4 and 3.

...old), Complexes I and III (2.2-fold), ATP production/transport (2.4-fold), and fuel transport/dehydrogenases (1.7-fold). These data support the notion tha |keywords=Metabolic homeostasis, Bioenergetics, Electron transport chain, Cytochrome

...near laws of TIP — implying linear relations between the generalized flows and forces called the ''phenomenological relations'' [2] — must primarily be ...ility of phenomenological coefficients ''L'' non-linearly dependent on the force under simple experimental conditions [3]. This shatters the foundation of t

...is a potential for the movement of protons, and force is a measure of the potential for motion. ...e there is no absolute potential, but isomorphic forces are stoichiometric potential differences^§.

...everse electron transport-associated hydrogen peroxide production in brain and heart mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 50:355-365

:::: '''Mitochondrial membrane potential and Peter Mitchell’s protonmotive force ''pmF'': elements of the science of bioenergetics''' ...tps://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0002 - '''Chapter 8: Protonmotive pressure and respiratory control'''

...rmation on oxygen consumption, ATP flux, membrane potential, electron leak and reactive oxygen species production, the latter two of which index energy tr ...rdiac enthalpy production, Cardiac heat production, Mitochondrial membrane potential, Mitochondrial proton leak, Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species productio

...ng systems (cytochrome c oxidase) and decreased on one of the protonmotive force dissipating systems (adenine nucleotide translocator), even if the fluxes i |keywords=Oxidative phosphorylation efficiency, Kinetic control, Ionic media, Cytochr

...mbrane potential, coupling control, H₂O₂ production, and the upper limit of mitochondrial performance. Abstract Kagoshima. ...passive LEAK state of respiration. The upper limit of respiratory capacity and the scope of ROS signalling, therefore, are significantly higher under cond

...lpha and omega of metabolism: why the Krebs cycle brings the earth to life and our own lives to an end. '''Bioblast 2022: BEC Inaugural Conference.''' In: ...organisms, including bacteria, in which fluctuations in membrane potential and the electrical fields generated amount to real-time integrated feedback on

...r amount of B, ''n''_B [mol], at constant temperature, pressure, and composition other than that of B, ...e sum of the standard chemical potential under defined standard conditions and a concentration ([[activity]])-dependent term,

...534 nm. The recommended excitation and emission wavelengths in PBS are 488 and 515-575 nm, respectively (Sigma-Aldrich). ::::# Weight 1.9 mg of Rh123 and dissolve in 1 mL ethanol;

...ssment of mitochondrial membrane potential by high-resolution respirometry and fluorometry. Methods Enzymol 542:163-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12- ...rophore applied for probing mtMP, in any respiratory state, type of tissue and pathophysiological condition.

|title=Mitchell P (1966) Chemiosmotic coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenergetics 1807 (20 ...issue by Peter R. Rich. Original title: CHEMIOSMOTIC COUPLING IN OXIDATIVE AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOSPHORYLATION, by Peter Mitchell, Glynn Research Laborator

...sing its ''in vitro'' effects on cardiac electrophysiology and metabolism, and translated our findings into the human setting. ...ents, high C18:1AC serum concentrations were associated with the incidence and prevalence of AF.

{{#ask:[[Category:Publications]] [[Instrument and method::Oxygraph-2k]] [[Topic::Coupling efficiency;uncoupling]] |?Mammal and model=Organism

...nar shear stress regulates mitochondrial dynamics, bioenergetics responses and PRX3 activation in endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1843:2403-13. ...a in endothelial cells as active players, able to transduce the mechanical force of shear stress in the vascular endothelium into a biological response.

...d forces. For illustration, analogous electric, thermal and chemical flows and forces are represented. ...thermodynamics with reference to entropy production, '''[[efficiency]]''' and '''energy dissipation'''. The symbols of nonequilibrium thermodynamics are

...physiology and pathology. Moreover, UCP2-mediated aspartate, oxaloacetate, and malate antiport with phosphate is expected to alter metabolism of cancer ce CRITICAL ISSUES: A wide range of UCP antioxidant effects and participations in redox signaling have been reported; however, mechanisms o

...=[[File:Erich Gnaiger.jpg|left|90px|Erich Gnaiger]] The protonmotive force and respiratory control. 1. Coupling of electron transfer reactions to vectoria ...bs energy change per [[advancement]] of reaction [3]. For the protonmotive force the proton is the motive entity, which can be expressed in a variety of for

...and I will review recent progress in understanding the K⁺ cycle and its role in the cell. ...66.tb01501.x/abstract Mitchell P (2008) Chemiosmotic coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. Biol Rev 41: 445-501.]

...rtmental diffusion (spontaneous from a high-potential compartment to a low-potential compartment), the advancement is the amount of motive substance that has un ...d to compartmental diffusion and the advancement of charged particles [3], and to any discontinuous transformation in compartmental systems [2],

...the [[force]] at the point of [[action]]. More generally, pressure is the force times concentration at the interphase of interaction. |info=* Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5^th ed.

...dissipating the electrochemical proton gradient ([[mitochondrial membrane potential]]), generated by the [[electron transfer pathway]] by pumping protons from ...n elicited by cold exposure, including ROS and lipid metabolism, apoptosis and thermogenesis.<ref>Criscuolo F, Gonzalez‐Barroso MdM, Bouillaud F, Ricqui

...ian AG, Lores-Arnaiz S, Cutrera RA (2012) Alterations of motor performance and brain cortex mitochondrial function during ethanol hangover. Alcohol 46:473 ...of animals could be associated with brain cortex mitochondrial dysfunction and the resulting impairment of its energetic metabolism.

...abolism of the bloodstream ''Trypanosoma brucei'' forms: a critical review and hypothesis. Bioenerg Commun 2022.17. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2022-0017 ...bolic design” in BSF has no biological parallel outside of trypanosomatids and highlights the enormous diversity of the parasite mitochondrial processes t

...a by a proton motive force-dependent dynamic equilibrium between sensitive and less sensitive SDH in the electron transport system. |keywords=hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2, alkylating agent 3-Bromopyruvate (3-BrPA)

...i A, Čedíková M, Štengl M, Kuncová J (2016) Propofol-induced mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction of the rat ventricular myocardium. Physiol Res 65:S ...ary muscle contraction force at 0.1 mmol/l. Propofol did not affect action potential duration at any concentration studied. Our study suggests that mechanisms c

...ubicin-induced lesions likely span mitochondrial complexes I-IV, providing potential targets for alleviating doxorubicin myotoxicity. <small>Published under license by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.</small>

...modynamics of irreversible processes (TIP; nonequilibrium thermodynamics), and thus links thermodynamics to kinetics. In its most general scope, ergodynam ...near laws of TIP — implying linear relations between the generalized flows and forces called the ''phenomenological relations'' [5] — must primarily be

...cement]] is the [[work]] (exergy) expended in a process or transformation. Force times flow is [[power]] [W]. ...the resistance is entirely due to frictional effects, then no work is done and the exergy is completely dissipated.

== Sponsor and exhibitor == ...ip between cytochrome redox state and oxygen consumption in isolated mouse and beef heart mitochondria during hypoxia. EBEC2014.

...is a function of both mitochondrial H₂O₂ consumption and production capacity, the latter of which is strongly influenced by ΔΨ. Ou |keywords=Antioxidants, Energy sensing, Peroxidase, Peroxiredoxins, Reactive oxygen s

...ced phenotype appears to result from specific reductions in both complex I and complex IV expression, presumably due to compromised mtDNA integrity. Trans |keywords=Bioenergetics, DNA polymerase gamma, Heart, Mitochondrial DNA, Reactive oxy

...II substrates. Sole 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride alone suppressed 20% and 30% of total H₂O₂ production, respectively, under th |keywords=Mitochondrial H₂O₂ production, Uncoupling, Proton-pum

...reducing equivalents that sustain oxidative phosphorylation. However, P5C and glutamate catabolism depend on CI activity due to NAD⁺ requireme ...al, NADH, and the ubiquinone redox state were correlated to ProDH activity and F₁F_O-ATPase directionality.

...total or available [[work]], d_et''W'' (or d_et''W''), and [[matter]], d_mat''U'' (or d_mat''H'') [2], ...yed: energy can only be transformed into different forms of work and heat, and transferred in the form of matter.

...concluded that proline catabolism through ProDH generates sufficient CIII and CIV proton pumping, supporting ATP production by F₁F_O |keywords=proline dehydrogenase, OXPHOS, substrate-level phosphorylation, quinone

...8]), and chemical thermodynamics of irreversible processes [9], where flux-force relations are center stage [10]. ...egative molar Gibbs energy of reaction [11], which is the negative Gibbs [[force]] of reaction (derivative of [[Gibbs energy]] per [[advancement]] of reacti

...ation does not change as the reaction advances. Only in [[closed system]]s and [[isolated system]]s, specific advancement equals the change in concentrati {{MitoPedia O2k and high-resolution respirometry}}

...A; García JA; Reiter RJ (2011) Melatonin-mitochondria interplay in health and disease. Curr Top Med Chem 11:221-240. ...that involving mitochondrial dysfunction. This review summarizes the data and mechanisms of action of melatonin in relation to mitochondrial pathologies.

...sup>•-</sup> production by RET is highly responsive to small changes in Δp and the CoQ redox state, indicating that complex I RET represents a major mode |keywords=RET, Coenzyme Q, Complex I, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial membrane potential, Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Redox signaling, Respiration, Reverse elect

...b>. Upon accumulation of the dye it exhibits a red shift in its absorption and fluorescence emission spectrum. The fluorescence intensity is quenched when {{MitoPedia O2k and high-resolution respirometry}}

...ics at low oxygen: dependence of respiration and phosphorylation on oxygen and adenosine diphosphate supply. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00307-3 ...ivity, ischemia-reperfusion injury, mitochondrial signalling to apoptosis, and mitochondrial theories of ageing.<br>

...multiple enzymatic sites including trehalase, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase [2]. ...ic pH is known to promote the formation of the active dimeric state of IF1 and a stable complex with the enzyme [3]. It is likely that intracellular pH of

...Biol |»Bioblast link«]]</ref>,<ref>Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. Bioenerg C ...rresponding increase of the proton leak driven by the higher proton motive force. As an approximation, however, the difference ''E''-''L'' yields an estimat

...ications, which is updated by [[Bioblast editorial team|Bioblast editors]] and [[Special:CreateAccount|active wiki users]].''' → Contact: [mailto:mario. ...ublications - chronological: {{#ask:[[Category:Publications]][[Instrument and method::Oxygraph-2k]] |format=count

...ow]], ''I''_O₂''L''). If these conditions are defined and remain consistent within a given context, then the simple symbol ''L'' for ...on is possible in living cells by inhibition of the phosphorylation system and in mt-preparations supported by an ET-pathway competent substrate state, ex

...[[Mitochondrial membrane potential | measuring the mitochondrial membrane potential]]. |info=[[Mitochondrial membrane potential]]

...mplementing efforts to address the well-acknowledged issues of credibility and reproducibility. ...dehydrogenase, SDH; tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA; [[substrate]]; [[Gibbs force]]

...astroviejo D, Adiele RC, ''et al'' (2019) Mitochondrial respiratory states and rates. https://doi.org/10.26124/mitofit:190001.v6. — '''''Published''': 2 ...rint_Arch_doi_10.26124_mitofit_190001.pdf Mitochondrial respiratory states and rates]'''

|title=Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5^th ed. ...in and muscle function, and resistance against preventable, immunological, and age-related degenerative diseases?

Gnaiger E (2012) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 3rd ed. Mitochondr |keywords=Archive

Gnaiger E (2014) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 4^th ed. |keywords=[[Q-junction]], [[MitoPedia: Respiratory states |Respiratory states]], [[Mi

...enclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery. == Keywords—[[MitoPedia]] ==

...mplementing efforts to address the well-acknowledged issues of credibility and reproducibility. ...dehydrogenase, SDH; tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA; [[substrate]]; [[Gibbs force]]